![]() ![]() ![]() (I will continue to use Rama, though for Ramcharitmanas alone, Ram is more appropriate.) Tulsidas wrote in Awadhi (we can accept that as a dialect of Hindi) and deSanskritised and popularised the Rama story. To appreciate Ramcharitmanas, with its building block of bhakti, a reading of Adhyatma Ramayana is preferable to Valmiki Ramayana. Ramleela performances are based more on Ramcharitmanas than Valmiki Ramayana. ![]() Across a large swathe of India, that influence was due to Tulsidas (about whose life we only know the bare bones) and Ramcharitmanas. Perceptions about Rama and Ramayana, and faith in Rama, aren’t primarily driven by Sanskrit versions, but often by non-Sanskrit renderings, vernacular languages so to speak. ![]() For example, in Sanskrit, we have (1) Valmiki Ramayana (2) Adhyatma Ramayana (3) Yogavasishtha Ramayana (4) Rama’s story in Raghuvamsham and (5) Ramayana story in Mahabharata. For Ramayana, there are Sanskrit and non-Sanskrit versions. Despite some regional variations, the Mahabharata story is essentially one. Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Azerbaijan Republic, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Comoros, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Gabon Republic, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Iraq, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mayotte, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Republic of the Congo, Reunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South America, Sri Lanka, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Swaziland, Sweden, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City State, Virgin Islands (U.S.There are several versions of the Ramayana story. ![]()
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